This randomized, placebo-controlled trial looked at whether melatonin could ease some of the most common side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), particularly hot flashes and quality-of-life changes. Over four weeks, men receiving ADT were given either melatonin (6 mg daily) or a placebo. The best result was a reduction in mild hot flashes among those taking melatonin, along with a modest improvement in overall prostate cancer–related quality-of-life scores. Importantly, melatonin was well tolerated, with no serious side effects reported, reinforcing its reputation as a relatively safe and inexpensive option for symptom support.

That said, the results also show the limits of what melatonin can realistically do. It did not meaningfully improve erectile function and when melatonin was compared directly to placebo, the differences between groups were not dramatic. This is a small, short study, so it won’t change clinical practice. But it does support a reasonable conversation: for men struggling with ADT-related hot flashes or sleep disruption, melatonin may offer some relief without adding hormonal risk.

This five-year follow-up from the ARCHES trial gives us a much clearer picture of what adding enzalutamide to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) actually means over the long haul for men with metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa. With more than 1,100 patients followed for over five years, men who received enzalutamide plus ADT were significantly more likely to be alive at five years than those who received ADT alone.

The difference was not subtle: about two-thirds of men in the enzalutamide group were alive at five years compared with just over half in the control group. The benefit was especially consistent for men with more aggressive, high-volume disease, where enzalutamide translated into roughly three additional years of life.

Of particular note, men whose PSA drops quickly and deeply after starting therapy tend to do better long term. Side effects were manageable, with fatigue, falls and bone issues appearing mostly in the first year and tapering off over time.

This systematic review pulls together what we currently know about citrus polyphenols, the natural compounds found in fruits like oranges, lemons and grapefruit, and their potential role in bone health. Looking across lab studies, animal models and the limited human data available, a consistent pattern emerges: these compounds appear to support bone formation while slowing bone breakdown.

In experimental settings, citrus phytonutrients (plant-based) help bone-building cells do their job more effectively and slow down the activity of cells that erode bone, partly by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. In animal models, this translates into stronger bone structure and faster fracture healing, which helps explain why researchers keep returning to this class of nutrients.

For men on ADT where bone loss is a real concern, this paper reinforces a practical idea rather than a prescription: diets rich in whole fruits, particularly citrus, may offer supportive benefits for bone health alongside established strategies like adequate calcium, vitamin D and resistance exercise.

This paper discusses an assumption that osteoporosis is not a concern for younger men. By following men diagnosed with metastatic PCa before age 55, the authors show how misleading that assumption can be once androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) enters the picture. Using routine CT scans already obtained for cancer surveillance, they tracked changes in vertebral bone density over time while carefully excluding areas affected by bone metastases.

What they found was striking. Bone density fell steadily over the course of ADT treatment, dropping by roughly 14% on average, with nearly one in three men meeting imaging criteria for osteoporosis by their last scan. This decline occurred despite a mean age just over 51 at diagnosis and long survival times, highlighting that bone loss is not just a late-life problem in this setting.

The clinical consequences were not theoretical. More than 40% of patients experienced a fracture, and fracture risk was highest among those whose imaging showed osteoporosis. Although guidelines recommend calcium and vitamin D for all men on ADT, only about half received both.

As soon as I saw this study, I wanted to include it. I see lots of bees during the summer months, but can count on one hand the number of honey bees I see these days. I even planted white clover in my yard, but all that did was attract more deer and piles of deer scat.

This 2026 review takes a look at bee-derived products such as honey, propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly and related compounds, examining their biological effects across inflammation, oxidative stress, immune signaling and cancer-related pathways. Much of the interest around these products comes from their rich polyphenol and flavonoid content, which in lab and animal studies appears to reduce oxidative damage, calm inflammatory signaling and in some cases interfere with cancer cell growth.

There is also reasonable human evidence for specific, supportive uses, such as honey for treatment-related oral mucositis, wound healing and symptom relief during cancer therapy. These effects are not trivial, but they are largely just supportive rather than disease-modifying.

For men with PCa, this paper does not justify supplements marketed as “natural cancer fighters,” but it does support the point that selected bee products may help manage inflammation, oxidative stress or treatment side effects when used thoughtfully and safely.